The science underlying the interaction between THC edibles and the human body is a fascinating subject that involves biology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), offers a unique range of psychoactive and psychotropic effects when ingested orally compared to other methods of administration.
Understanding the complex interplay between THC, the digestive system, and the endocannabinoid system provides key insights into the physiological and psychological effects observed following the consumption of cannabis-infused edibles.
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The main differences of effects on the human body in regards to ingesting THC and smoking/vaping THC can largely be attributed to how THC is metabolized within the body, specifically in the liver, where it is converted into 11-hydroxy-THC, a more potent and longer-lasting metabolite.
When THC is ingested orally, such as in the form of edibles, it undergoes a process in the liver known as first-pass metabolism. During this process, THC is converted into 11-hydroxy-THC, a metabolite that is indeed more potent than Delta-9 THC itself.
This potency arises from the fact that 11-hydroxy-THC is more efficient at crossing the blood-brain barrier, thereby exerting a stronger effect on the central nervous system.
Moreover, when THC is consumed via edibles, its effects often have a slower onset but last longer, compared to inhalation. This is because of the extended time it takes for the drug to be metabolically processed in the digestive system and liver, leading to a more gradual release of the 11-hydroxy-THC into the bloodstream. Thus, in terms of impact and duration, 11-hydroxy-THC can be considered a more potent and longer-lasting metabolite of THC.
